Appendix D. Indicator Resources

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INDICATORS

ST1, MT1, LT1: Healthy Eating

Individual intentions, goals, behavior changes, and maintenance of behaviors recommended by the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

ST2, MT2, LT2: Food Resource Management

Individual intentions, goals, behavior changes, and maintenance of behaviors that reflect smarter shopping and food resource management strategies, enabling participants to stretch their food resource dollars to support a healthier diet.

ST3, MT3, LT3: Physical Activity and Reduced Sedentary Behavior

Individual intentions, goals, behavior changes, and maintenance of behaviors related to increased physical activity and/or reduce sedentary behavior. Physical activity is defined as any body movement that works muscles and requires more energy than resting. Sedentary behavior is defined as too much sitting or lying down at work, at home, in social settings, and during leisure time.

ST4, MT4, LT4: Food Safety

Individual intentions, goals, behavior changes, and maintenance of food safety behavior changes recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Databases/Data Sources

For all individual level outcome measures, data are collected by SNAP-Ed Implementing Agencies.

Numerator: For all individual level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., eating more than one type of vegetable).
Denominator: For all individual level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question about consuming vegetables).

 

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING INDICATORS

ST5: Readiness

Two-part indicator measuring sites or organizations where there is identified need for PSE changes and associated organizational and staff readiness for adopting PSE changes has been assessed.

Numerators: ST5b. Number of sites or organizations with an identified need for improving access or creating appeal for nutrition and physical activity supports

ST5c. Number of sites or organizations that have documented readiness for change in PSE
Denominators: ST5b & c. Option 1) Coverage of all potential/eligible SNAP-Ed sites and organizations: All SNAP-Ed potential/eligible sites and organizations within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains. Sources for all eligible sites may vary by state and are not readily available for all settings within domains. Some examples of sources include:

ST5b & c. Option 2) Coverage of actual SNAP-Ed sites and organizations (all sites and organizations with SNAP-Ed services). Sites and organizations in which SNAP-Ed activities occurred in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

 

ST6: Champions

People who provide sustained, and often charismatic leadership that successfully advocates for, creates appeal of, or improves access to nutrition and physical activity in various environmental or organizational settings. Champions extend their influence beyond direct delivery sites of SNAP-Ed interventions.

Numerator: ST6b. The number of SNAP-Ed qualified organizations or sites that benefited from the activities of champions, by domain and setting type
Denominators: ST6b. Option 1) Coverage of all potential/eligible SNAP-Ed sites and organizations: All SNAP-Ed potential/eligible sites and organizations within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains.

ST6b. Option 2) Coverage of actual SNAP-Ed sites and organizations (all sites and organizations with SNAP-Ed services). Sites and organizations in which SNAP-Ed activities occurred in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

 

ST7: Partnerships

Partnerships with service providers, organizational leaders, and SNAP-Ed representatives in sites and organizations where people eat, learn, live, play, shop, and work.

 

MT5: Nutrition Supports

Sites and organizations that adopt PSE changes and complementary promotion often including favorable procurement, meal preparation activities, or other interventions that expand access and promote healthy eating; associated potential audience reached.

 

Numerator: MT5a. Number of sites or organizations that make at least one change in writing or practice to expand access or improve appeal for healthy eating
Denominators: MT5a. Option 1) Coverage of all potential/eligible SNAP-Ed sites: all SNAP-Ed potential/eligible organizational sites and systems in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

MT5a. Option 2) Coverage of actual SNAP-Ed sites (all sites and systems with SNAP-Ed services): organizational sites and systems in which SNAP-Ed activities occurred in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

MT6: Physical Activity and Reduced Sedentary Behavior Supports

Sites and organizations that adopt policy, systems, or environmental (PSE) changes and complementary promotion that expand access and promote physical activity and reduced time spent being sedentary; associated potential audience reached

Numerator: MT6a. Number of sites or organizations that make at least one change in writing or practice to expand access or improve appeal for physical activity.
Denominators: MT6a.Option 1) Coverage of all potential/eligible SNAP-Ed sites: all SNAP-Ed potential/eligible organizational sites and systems in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

MT6a. Option 2) Coverage of actual SNAP-Ed sites (all sites and systems with SNAP-Ed services): organizational sites and systems in which SNAP-Ed activities occurred in each setting within eat, learn, live, play, shop, and/or work domains

 

LT5: Nutrition Supports Implementation

This indicator measures implementation and effectiveness of PSE changes. Implementation is defined as the aggregate number of sites or organizations in each type of setting within the eat, learn, live, work, play, and shop domains that report a multi-component and multi-level intervention. Effectiveness is defined as the aggregate number of sites or organizations with improved food environment assessment scores.

 

LT6: Physical Activity Supports Implementation

This indicator measures implementation and effectiveness of PSE changes. Implementation is defined as the aggregate number of sites or organizations in each type of setting within the eat, learn, live, work, play, and shop domains that report a multi-component and multi-level intervention. Effectiveness is defined as the aggregate number of sites or organizations with improved physical activity environment assessment scores.

 

LT7: Program Recognition

This indicator focuses on entire organizations that have met and been publicly recognized for achieving authoritative, externally established performance standards. The state or nationally established recognition programs in LT7 focus on single organizational categories such as early childhood education (ECE), schools, worksites, faith organizations (churches, mosques, temples), and parks, while state or local recognition programs may be more diverse. This indicator reports the number of organizations and sites in each domain whose work achieving new standards is attributable, in whole or in part, to the efforts of SNAP-Ed during the reporting year. Since comprehensive changes take time, many recognition programs have established increments for awards that help organizations show progressive accomplishments. For such recognition programs, this indicator also captures movement from one level of performance to another, as well as maintenance of effort.

Databases/Data Sources

Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality, County, School District
Administrative Level: State, ZIP code
Administrative Level: State, ZIP code
Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality
Administrative Level: State, ZIP code

 

Numerator: LT7b. The number of SNAP-Ed partner organizations and sites that secured a higher rank in their level of recognition (e.g., from silver to gold, etc.)
Denominator: LT7b. Total number of SNAP-Ed partner organizations and sites that are at a level of recognition that is not the top rank

 

Numerator: LT7c. The number of SNAP-Ed partner organizations and sites that maintained participation at the same level of recognition.
Denominator: LT7c. Total number of SNAP-Ed partner organizations and sites that are at least at the lowest level of recognition.

 

LT8: Media Coverage

Number and percentage of commercial and organizational outlets with estimated reach to SNAP-Ed and total audiences that reported favorable attributions to SNAP-Ed marketing and PSE projects

Databases/Data Sources

Includes print, TV, radio.

 

Numerator: LT8a. Number of media outlets that run positive stories about SNAP-Ed marketing and PSE projects. Audience reach, by type (print, TV, radio) in numbers of total popluation and SNAP-Ed segments exposed to favorable media mentions about SNAP-Ed marketing and PSE projects
Denominator: LT8a. Number of media outlets, by type (print, TV, radio); All persons and SNAP-Ed eligible population that could be reached by media type (TV, radio, print)

 

Numerator: LT8b. Number of partner websites that feature positive content about SNAP-Ed marketing, media advocacy, and PSE projects
Denominator: LT8b. Number of dedicated partner websites reaching key intermediaries or SNAP-Ed audience segments

 

Numerator: LT8c. Number of SNAP-Ed Implementing Agencies with social media sites that push marketing, media advocacy, and PSE content to consumers/intermediaries (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest)
Denominator: LT8c. Number of SNAP-Ed Implementing Agencies with social media sites

 

LT9: Leveraged Resources

This indicator focuses on the planned or intentional contributions of partners and other stakeholders in relationship to those of SNAP-Ed. It captures the dollar value and type of resources that partners and other stakeholders invested over the past reporting year for implementation of discrete interventions in MT5, MT6, LT5, and LT6 in one or more settings/channels.

 

LT10: Planned Sustainability

This indicator focuses on the planned activities undertaken during the reporting year to sustain effective SNAP-Ed programming conducted by Implementing Agencies. It captures the process of sustaining SNAP-Ed strategies and interventions adopted and implemented in MT5, MT6, LT5, and LT6.

 

Numerator: LT10a. Total number of organizations or sites that have adopted and/or implemented a strong sustainability plan to maintain effective educational, marketing, nutrition, or physical activity standards/policies, systems, or environmental changes.
Denominator: LT10a. Total number of organizations or sites where nutrition and physical activity supports and standards were adopted and implemented

 

LT11: Unexpected Benefits

This indicator focuses on unanticipated or unexpected benefits occurring during the reporting year that accrued incidental to Adoption, Implementation, and/or Maintenance of SNAP-Ed programming conducted by Implementing Agencies. It reports the number, type, and sectors in which the benefits occurred. The benefits may take many different forms, be associated with SNAP-Ed activities conducted in environmental settings or in a broader, multi-sector context at the local or statewide levels, and take form in the public, nonprofit or business sectors. The benefits will be serendipitous, resulting from new priorities, indirect relationships, or word-of-mouth information that occurred with little direct involvement or intentional planning by SNAP- Ed staff.

 

SECTORS OF INFLUENCE INDICATORS

ST8: Multi-Sector Partnerships and Planning

This indicator measures community capacity by assessing the readiness of multi-sector partnerships or coalitions to plan and achieve the changes in nutrition, physical activity, food security, and/or obesity prevention policies and practices that are evaluated as subsequent indicators in the Sectors of Influence level of the framework.

 

MT7: Government Policies

This indicator measures the number of individual jurisdictions (not settings) where governments (city, town, county, regional, and/or state) enacted policies and practices to increase access to healthy food and/or opportunities for physical activity for areas where the residents are primarily low-income. PSE changes result from SNAP-Ed multi-sector partnerships and that are attributable in whole or in part to SNAP-Ed activity. In the case of MT7a and, potentially MT7e, it concurrently reduces access to less healthy food or sedentary behavior.

Databases/Data Sources:

 

Numerators: MT7a. Number of governmental jurisdictions (state, county, local) that have healthy food procurement and/or vending policies and standards in place consistent with Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

MT7b. Number of governmental jurisdictions (state, regional, county, local) that provide nutrition education/nutrition resources at the point of enrollment for SNAP (e.g., 1) in offices [jurisdictional], 2) online [statewide], 3) by telephone [statewide])

MT7c. Number of governmental jurisdictions (state, county, local) that create public-private partnerships to provide incentives for the local production and distribution of food (i.e., food grown within a day’s driving distance of the place of sale)

MT7d. Number of governmental jurisdictions (state, county, local) that have evidence-based policies and standards in place to support physical activity (e.g., establishment of bike-friendly transport facilities, use of point-of-decision prompts for stairwells)

MT7e. Number of communities that have achieved a nutrition or health element in their General Plan to improve access and/or opportunities in areas where residents are primarily low-income
Denominators: MT7a, b, c, d & e. Number of total governmental jurisdictions appropriate to the level of aggregation (state aggregation = number of counties in state; county aggregation = number of local jurisdictions in the county)

 

Numerator: MT7f. Estimated number of persons in the target population who are SNAP-Ed eligible and have increased access to or are protected by a the government policy or intervention
Denominator: MT7f. Total number of persons in the target population who have increased access to or are protected by the government policy or intervention

 

MT8: Agriculture

Changes in agricultural PSE activities emphasizing farmers markets, direct-to-consumer agriculture, and farm-to-school resulting from SNAP-Ed multi-sector partnerships at the local, state, territorial or tribal level.

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County, State
Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County, State
Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County, State
Administrative Level: national, state and district
Administrative Level: School District

 

Numerator: MT8d. Number of low-income communities with farmers markets
Denominator: MT8d. Total number of low-income areas within the jurisdiction

 

Numerator: MT8e. Estimated number of persons in the target population who are SNAP-Ed eligible and have increased access to or benefit from the agricultural policy or intervention
Denominator: MT8e. Total number of persons who have increased access to or benefit from the agricultural policy or intervention

 

MT9: Education Policies

This indicator represents high-level school policies and systems implemented at a state level and achieved through the work of a number of diverse organizations, of which SNAP-Ed will have been one—sometimes in a highly significant way, other times as part of a coalition or collaborative.

Databases/ Data Sources:

Administrative Level: State
Administrative Level: State
  • Free or Reduced Price Meals school population: State Department of Education database
Administrative Level: State

 

MT10: Community Design and Safety

Community-based design and safety policies and systems changes that create safer, more appealing places for physical activity.

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: state, urbanized area, and metropolitan statistical area

 

Numerators: MT10a. Number of communities that adopted policies that include at least one of the following: improved access, signage, lighting, operating hours

MT10b. Number of communities that adopted a complete streets policy

MT10c. Number of SNAP-Ed eligible areas with community policing initiatives
Denominators: MT10a, b & c. Number of total communities appropriate to the level of aggregation (state aggregation = number of counties in state; county aggregation = number of local jurisdictions in the county)

 

Numerator: MT10d. Estimated number of persons in the target population who are SNAP-Ed eligible and have increased access to or benefit from the community design and safety policy or intervention
Denominator: MT10d. Total estimated number of persons in the target population who have increased access to or benefit from the community design and safety policy or intervention

 

MT11: Health Care Clinical- Community Linkages

Community health initiatives that link health care systems with community groups to meet the community’s nutrition, physical activity, or obesity prevention needs.

Databases/Data Sources:

 

Numerator: MT11e. Estimated number of persons in the target population who are SNAP-Ed eligible and have increased access to or benefit from the community health policy or intervention
Denominator: MT11e. Estimated total number of persons in the target population who have increased access to or benefit from the community health policy or intervention

 

MT12: Social Marketing

This indicator is intended to identify the presence, characteristics, reach, and impact of social marketing campaigns conducted statewide or in local project areas. The focus is on comprehensive, multi-level social marketing campaigns; the number of discrete campaigns that were conducted during the year; the topics and changes they sought; their scale—the reach to different population segments, the geographic areas targeted, and the delivery channels used;   and, wherever possible, evaluation results.

 

Numerator: MT12b.Number of people reached by statewide or local social media/marketing campaigns or direct or indirect education as part of social marketing campaigns
Denominator: MT12b. Number of people who could have been reached by the social media/marketing method

 

Numerator: MT12c. Number of people who successfully reported recall of specific messages from statewide or local social marketing campaigns (total and SNAP-Ed)
Denominator: MT12c. Total number of participants who responded to the question (i.e., unaided recall of messages)

 

MT13: Media Practices

This indicator is intended to capture significant, sustained changes in the routine business practices of media outlets that influence public opinion, business behavior, and community norms. Such changes may evolve naturally from LT8 (Media Coverage) and can be attributed in whole, or in part, to efforts by SNAP-Ed and its partners.

Databases/Data Resources

 

Numerator: MT13d. Estimated number of persons in the target population who are SNAP-Ed eligible and have increased access to or benefit from the media practice policy or intervention
Denominator: MT13d. Total estimated number of persons in the target population who have increased access to or benefit from the media practice policy or intervention

 

LT12: Food Systems

This indicator is intended to capture statewide and local improvements in the food system to specifically benefit low- income consumers and communities and that are due, in whole or in part, to SNAP-Ed efforts with partners. The changes may occur in the public, nonprofit and/or business sectors.

Outcomes throughout the food chain are represented, from production through to the consumer. Food system changes in low-resource settings often are intended to increase access to and appeal of ‘foods-to-increase’ as recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and thereby lead to large- scale Population Results (R1-R6).

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality, County, Regional, Tribunal
Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality, County, Regional
Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County
Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County, Tribunal, Regional
Administrative Level: Census tract
Administrative Level: State

 

LT13: Government Investments and Incentives

This indicator includes government investments and incentives that improve food access and promote healthy eating behaviors including the implementation and enforcement of government food procurement policies, plans that incorporate health in key land use, transportation, housing, and other community development decisions, and financial incentives to promote healthy food retail.

 

Numerator: LT13a. Number of local, state, territorial, or tribal government agencies/organizations that implement and adhere to healthy food procurement policies including healthy food vending and meeting policies, menu-labeling, and worksite wellness programs
Denominator: LT13a. Total number of local, state, territorial, or tribal government agencies/organizations in the jurisdiction being measured

 

Numerator: LT13b. Number of cities, towns, counties, municipalities, states, and Indian Tribal Organizations government agencies/organizations that implement and adhere to policies that support healthy lifestyle behaviors in land use, transportation, housing plans, etc.
Denominator: LT13b. Total number of city, town, county, municipality, state, and Indian Tribal Organization government agencies/organizations in the jurisdiction being measured

 

LT14: Agricultural Sales and Incentives

Sales and investments in local foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, and the associated economic benefit to farmers and producers.

Databases/Data Sources:

 

Numerator: LT14d.Total farmers market sales from nutrition assistance benefits (SNAP, WIC cash value vouchers Farmers Market Nutrition Program, Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program)
Denominator: LT14d. Total farmers market sales

 

LT15: Educational Attainment

This indicator reflects the collective impact of strategies enacted by state and community partners (including SNAP-Ed) that demonstrate changes in educational attainment resulting from SNAP-Ed activities in, around, and affecting schools and local education agencies.

Databases/Data Sources:

Example: http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/stt2015/pdf/2016009NC4.pdf

  • The U.S. Department of Education provides contact information for the education departments of each state, commonwealth, and territory; these can be contacted for information on the attendance rate and dropout rate data that are used for this indicator. http://www2.ed.gov/about/contacts/state/index.html
Administrative Level: State

 

Numerators: LT15a & b. Data sources provide percentages
Denominators: LT15a & b. Data sources provide percentages

 

LT16: Shared-Use Streets and Crime Reduction

Policy and environmental changes related to shared use streets, crime reduction, and safety can help support physical activity behaviors. This indicator is also focused on the implementation of the policies that are highlighted in MT10.

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality, County, Regional
Administrative Level: State, City/Municipality, County, Regional

 

LT17: Health Care Cost Savings

Reduction in rates of selected chronic diseases and associated impacts on health care costs.

Databases/Data Sources:

 

Numerators: LT17a, b, c, d & e. Number of SNAP-Ed eligible persons in the defined geographic area reporting the specific chronic condition
Denominators: LT17a, b, c, d & e. Total number of SNAP-Ed eligible persons in the defined geographic area

 

LT18: Commercial Marketing of Healthy Food and Beverages

This Indicator focuses on sub-national, policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) changes in organizational systems where commercial food and beverage marketing practices—advertising, PR, promotion, and personal sales—are most likely to influence the food choices of SNAP-Ed audiences, especially children, youth, and low-income, limited-English and ethnic adults. Changes in commercial marketing activity are distinct from those reported in LT5 and LT6, which may include institution-sponsored marketing introduced as part of an evidence-based intervention. The changes will be made by community institutions that decide what commercial marketing to feature or decline. The marketing changes reported here are likely to result from public/private partnerships and are deemed to have occurred due, at least in part, to SNAP-Ed efforts.

 

LT19: Community-wide Recognition Programs

This indicator focuses on entire cities, multi-county regions, or tribal jurisdictions in which civic leaders are working toward community-wide improvements in living and business conditions. It identifies the number of such jurisdictions where work on SNAP-Ed relevant objectives, activities, and outcomes is being conducted that is attributable, in whole or in part, to the efforts of SNAP-Ed and its partners

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: City/Municipality, County

 

POPULATION RESULTS INDICATORS

R1: Overall Diet Quality

This indicator represents overall diet quality of individuals at the population level that reflects secular trends and disparities in diet quality at the national level; and potentially trends in overall diet quality of SNAP-eligible populations at the state or regional level as a measure of cumulative effects (beneficial or adverse) of SNAP-Ed targeting particular components of diet quality.

 

Numerator: R1a. The sum of HEI scores for all respondents; also sum separately for lower and higher income category
Denominator: R1a. The number of respondents with calculated HEI score; also number by lower and higher income category

 

Numerator: R1b. The number of respondents whose overall diet quality score is in the “Poor” category of HEI scores
Denominator: R1b. The number of respondents with a calculated HEI score, by lower and higher income

 

R2: Fruits and Vegetables

This indicator represents changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, including subgroups of under-consumed vegetables, over time, from year to year, among the low- income population of the state. Unlike MT1 and LT1 (Healthy Eating Behaviors) that measure increases in fruit and vegetable intake attributed to SNAP-Ed series-based programs, R2 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that is achieving the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015 recommendations. Thus, R2 measures fruit and vegetable consumption status for low-income households surveyed within the state or area of focus. R2 is a population- level surveillance measure.

Databases/Data Sources:

  • BRFSS (by state): Percent of adults who report consuming vegetables less than one time daily; Total and by income, using < $15,000 to represent SNAP-Ed eligible
  • YRBSS (by state): Percent of students in grades 9-12 who consume t less than 1 time daily †; Total, by income vegetables N/A; data N/A for 14 states; use alternative statewide survey if available https://nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/
Administrative Level: National, State, Territories

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., consumed vegetables one or more times a day).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about consuming vegetables).

 

R3: Whole Grains

This indicator represents whole grains consumption over time, from year to year, of the SNAP-Ed eligible population of the state or project area. Unlike MT1 and LT1 (Healthy Eating Behaviors) that measure frequency of grains consumption attributed to SNAP-Ed series-based programs, R3 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that is achieving the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015 recommendations. Thus, R3 measures whole grains status for low-income households surveyed within the state or area of focus. R3 is a population-level surveillance measure.

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., consumed vegetables one or more times a day).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about consuming vegetables).

R4: Dairy

This indicator represents change in dairy product consumption and/or adequacy of consumption over time, from year to year, of the low-income population of the state. Unlike MT1 and LT1 (Healthy Eating Behaviors) that measure increases in low- fat/fat-free dairy consumption attributed to SNAP-Ed series- based programs, R4 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that is achieving the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015 recommendations. Thus, R4 measures dairy consumption status for low-income households surveyed within the state or area of focus. R4 is a population- level surveillance measure.

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: National, State

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., drank low-fat milk).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about drinking low-fat milk).

 

R5: Beverages

This indicator represents change in water and unhealthy beverage consumption and/or over-consumption of 100 percent fruit juice by youth over time, from year to year, of the low-income population of the state. Unlike MT1 and LT1 (Healthy Eating Behaviors), which measure increases in water intake and decreases in sugar-sweetened beverage intake attributed to SNAP-Ed series-based programs, R5 is intended to measure the proportion of  the SNAP-Ed eligible population that is achieving the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015 recommendations. Thus, R5 measures water and sugar- sweetened beverage consumption status for low-income households surveyed within the state or area of focus. R5 is a population-level surveillance measure.

Databases/Data Sources:

Administrative Level: National, State, School District (Large, Urban)

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., drink plain water).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about drinking plain water).

 

R6: Food Security

This indicator represents changes in food security status, when SNAP-Ed eligible persons have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Databases/Data Resources

Administrative Level: National
Administrative Level: National, State, County, and Congressional

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., were concerned about having enough food).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about having enough food).

 

R7: Physical Activity and Reduced Sedentary Behaviors Physical Activity

Achievement of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2008 for adults and children and Society of Health and Physical Educators Active Start guidelines for toddlers and preschoolers.

Databases/Data Resources

  • BRFSS By state: Percent of adults who report being aerobically active 150 minutes; Total and by income, using < $15,000 to represent SNAP-Ed eligible https://nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/#
  • BRFSS By state: Percent of adults who report meeting muscle strengthening guidelines; Total and by income, using <$15,000 to represent SNAP-Ed eligible https://nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/#
  • Alliance for Biking & Walking: 2016 Benchmarking Report – overall use of transit, walking, or bike and low-income commuters who walk or who use transit http://bikingandwalkingbenchmarks.org/
Administrative Level: National, State, Territories

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., engaged in 150 minutes per week of moderate physical activity).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking moderate physical activity).

 

R8: Breastfeeding

The proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible infants that were ever breastfed, fully breastfed, or partially breastfed.

Databases/Data Resources

Administrative Level: National, State

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., ever breastfed).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking if ever breastfed.)

 

R9: Healthy Weight

This indicator measures change in the condition of being at a healthy weight, neither underweight nor overweight or obese, over time, from year to year of the low-income population of the state. R9 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that is achieving the CDC recommendation. R9 is a population-level surveillance measure.

Databases/Data Resources

  • BRFSS by state: Percent of adults whose self-reported height and weight = response choice “normal weight”; Total and by income, using   < $15,000 to represent SNAP-Ed eligible; NOTE: This outcome measure is not on the same url as given for FV and PA, only overweight and obesity http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/index.html
Administrative Level: State, Territories
  • National Survey of Children’s Health: (Age 10-17) Indicator 1.4: What is the weight status of children based on Body Mass Index (BMI) for age? 4 categories Response category = “Healthy weight = 5th to 84th percentile.” Can compare one state at a time with national data; income category 0-199% FPL available for low- income as is 0-99% and 100-199% http://childhealthdata.org/browse/survey
Administrative Level: National, State, Regional

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., healthy weight).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about weight).

 

R10: Family Meals

This indicator measures change in family interaction at mealtime over time, from year to year of the low-income population of the state. R10 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that self-reports consuming meals together as a family at least three times a week and that does not agree with a statement that they often watch television while eating dinner. R10 is a population-level surveillance measure.

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., consuming meals together as a family at least three times a week).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about consuming meals together as a family).

 

R11: Quality of Life

This indicator measures change in the condition of being in good or better physical and mental health such that the ability to carry out usual activities is not impaired, over time, from year to year of the low-income population of the state. R11 is intended to measure the proportion of the SNAP-Ed eligible population that self-reports good or better physical or mental health. R11 is a population-level surveillance measure.

 

Numerator: For all population level outcome measures the numerator is the number of participants who achieved the outcome measure (e.g., self-reports good or better physical or mental health).
Denominator: For all population level outcome measures the denominator is the total number of participants who responded to the question (e.g., the number of participants who responded to the question asking about quality of life).